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Antibody

 

How to generate monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies?

Plyclonal are easy to make by immunising a host animal while monoclonals need a sterile lab to merge splenocystes with cell lines that will never die and produce forever monoclonal antibodies mostly mouse splenocytes are used for production. The monoclonals are called clone and have their own name or number.

What is theft of Monoclonal cell lines?

A student or post Doc may take home monoclonal cell lines in carbo ice and store them in a minus 85 freezer for weeks or liquid nirtrogen container called dewar. However the clone stays property of his employer most often a University or Governmnetal Institution. 

The thief cannot sell the antibody producing cell line under the original name. A thrick used by monoclonal cell line thiefs is to give another clone name to the cell. Exacly the same cell lines are circulating under different clona name. QBEND10 CD35 stemm cell marker is an example of an cell line that is available under other names.

How large is the illeagal monoclonal cell line market?

Monoclonal cell line theft in the USA, UK and Europe is costing  10 million of income loss to Universities, estimation 2022 made by Lieven Gevaert, Bio-ir. Gentaur BV.

 Are there lots of cell lines lost by accident?

Monoclonal cell line loss, intenianally when a project stops or accidentially by a bubble in the N2 container is estimated to 1 million USD of income loss to the owners.

 What are the most famouse cell line losses in Belgian research history?

Famous losses are the ULB HPV best monoclonal collection where the freezer was stopped intentionally whe the funding stopped. Unfortunately no monoclonal thiefs had copies of these unique cell lines.

Examples of accidential cell line loss.

  1. The best MIP2 antibody was accidentially lost by KULeuven in 2002
  2. GSK in Rixensart and Johnson and Johnson, Janssens Pharmaceutica in Beerse, UCB Pharma in Braine l'Alleud all losts valualble cell lines due to a N2 liquid Nitrogen problem both in the backup dewar and master dewar.
  3. Orla Proteins is storing cell lines at Gentaur BV in Belgium safe room. Also Gentaur has known a loss of 1 dewar in 2012 due to an air bubble.

What are the most used used applications of antibodies?

Research of immunology includes immunoprecipitation, sandwich ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence (IF) microscopy, flow cytometry, receptor neutralization, and cell depletion.

 

  • Anti-DHX29 antibody

    Anti-DHX35 antibody

    Anti-DHX35 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHX16 antibody

    Anti-DHX32 antibody

    Anti-DHX32 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHX15 antibody

    Anti-DHX29 antibody

    Anti-DHX29 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS9 antibody

    Anti-DHX16 antibody

    Anti-DHX16 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS4 antibody

    Anti-DHX15 antibody

    Anti-DHX15 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS3 antibody

    Anti-DHRS9 antibody

    Anti-DHRS9 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS2 antibody

    Anti-DHRS4 antibody

    Anti-DHRS4 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS11 antibody

    Anti-DHRS3 antibody

    Anti-DHRS3 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHRS1 antibody

    Anti-DHRS2 antibody

    Anti-DHRS2 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHPS antibody

    Anti-DHRS11 antibody

    Anti-DHRS11 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHODH antibody

    Anti-DHRS1 antibody

    Anti-DHRS1 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHH antibody

    Anti-DHPS antibody

    Anti-DHPS antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHFR antibody

    Anti-DHODH antibody

    Anti-DHODH antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHDH antibody

    Anti-DHH antibody

    Anti-DHH antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DHDDS antibody

    Anti-DHFR antibody

    Anti-DHFR antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DH5a-lysate antibody

    Anti-DHDH antibody

    Anti-DHDH antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKQ antibody

    Anti-DHDDS antibody

    Anti-DHDDS antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKK-Specific antibody

    Anti-DH5a-lysate antibody

    Anti-DH5a-lysate antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKH antibody

    Anti-DGKQ antibody

    Anti-DGKQ antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKE antibody

    Anti-DGKK-Specific antibody

    Anti-DGKK-Specific antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKB antibody

    Anti-DGKH antibody

    Anti-DGKH antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGKA antibody

    Anti-DGKE antibody

    Anti-DGKE antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-dGK antibody

    Anti-DGKB antibody

    Anti-DGKB antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-dGK antibody

    Anti-DGKA antibody

    Anti-DGKA antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGCR8 antibody Anti-DGCR8 antibody

    Anti-dGK antibody

    Anti-dGK antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Desmin antibody Anti-Desmin antibody

    Anti-DGCR8 antibody

    Anti-DGCR8 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Monoclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DGAT1 antibody

    Anti-DGCR8 C-Terminal antibody

    Anti-DGCR8 C-Terminal antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DFNA5 antibody

    Anti-DGCR2 antibody

    Anti-DGCR2 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DFF45/DFFA antibody

    Anti-DGAT1 antibody

    Anti-DGAT1 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEXI antibody

    Anti-DFNA5 antibody

    Anti-DFNA5 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Desmoplakin antibody

    Anti-DFF45/DFFA antibody

    Anti-DFF45/DFFA antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Desmocollin 2 antibody

    Anti-DEXI antibody

    Anti-DEXI antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Desmin antibody

    Anti-Desmoplakin antibody

    Anti-Desmoplakin antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEK antibody Anti-DEK antibody

    Anti-Desmocollin 2 antibody

    Anti-Desmocollin 2 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Monoclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DDB1 antibody Anti-Dermatopontin antibody

    Anti-Desmin antibody

    Anti-Desmin antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Monoclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEPP antibody Anti-DEPP antibody

    Anti-Dermatopontin antibody

    Anti-Dermatopontin antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEPDC6 antibody

    Anti-DEPP antibody

    Anti-DEPP antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DENR antibody Anti-DENR antibody

    Anti-DEPDC6 antibody

    Anti-DEPDC6 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DENND1A antibody

    Anti-DENR antibody

    Anti-DENR antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Dematin antibody

    Anti-DENND3 antibody

    Anti-DENND3 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEK antibody

    Anti-DENND1A antibody

    Anti-DENND1A antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEFB121 antibody

    Anti-Dematin antibody

    Anti-Dematin antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DBC1 antibody Anti-DBC1 antibody

    Anti-DEK antibody

    Anti-DEK antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Monoclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEFA1 antibody

    Anti-DEFB121 antibody

    Anti-DEFB121 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEF6 antibody

    Anti-DEFB1 antibody

    Anti-DEFB1 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEDD2 antibody

    Anti-DEFA1 antibody

    Anti-DEFA1 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEDD antibody

    Anti-DEF6 antibody

    Anti-DEF6 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DECR2 antibody

    Anti-DEDD2 antibody

    Anti-DEDD2 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-Decorin antibody

    Anti-DEDD antibody

    Anti-DEDD antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DEAF1 antibody

    Anti-DECR2 antibody

    Anti-DECR2 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DDX6 antibody

    Anti-Decorin antibody

    Anti-Decorin antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month...

    €0.00
  • Anti-DDX58 antibody

    Anti-DEAF1 antibody

    Anti-DEAF1 antibody is available at Gentaur for Next Week Delivery. Clonality:  Polyclonal Purification:  Protein A & Antigen Affinity Purity:  ≥95% as determined by SDS-PAGE Storage conditions:  Stored at 2℃-8℃ for one month without...

    €0.00